peter的世界

I

In his well-known book, Principia Ethica, Moore presented an influential argument, later called Open Question Argument (OQA, hereafter) though he didn’t name it at all, against definism[1], and then concluded that ‘good’ is indefinable.  In this paper, my purpose is to offer a Two-Dimensional Interpretation (TDI, for short)[2] of OQA rather than to discuss whether or not ‘good’ is indefinable.  I want to argue that OQA is best understood under two-dimensionalistic framework, and, if so, definism will not commit to so-called naturalistic fallacy.

II

There are many ways of interpreting OQA, and here I will just consider Feldman’s version of OQA (specifically, OQA-6)[3] for two reasons.  First, I agree with Feldman that his version of OQA is closer to Moore’s original thought than others.  Second, I think that TDI can be applied to any version of OQA reasonably, for intuition behind other versions is sort of two-dimensionalistic per se.  Whether or not you agree with me on my reasons, let’s move on.  Here are Q3, Q4, and OQA-6[4]:

Q3: Is pleasure pleasant?

Q4: Is pleasure good?

OQA-6:

1.      Q3 does not mean the same as Q4.

2.      If Q3 does not mean the same as Q4, then ‘x is good’ does not mean the same as ‘x is pleasant’.

3.      If ‘x is good’ does not mean the same as ‘x is pleasant’, then PH[5] is false.

4.      Therefore, PH is false.

Thus, Moore concluded any attempt that tries to define ‘good’ by natural property will fail, because we will always leave ‘Is x good?’ open unless we substitute ‘x’ with ‘good’ itself.

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